Multiplication Part 2
Standard 4th | Mathematics
Multiplication Word Problems
Multiplication word problems can be easily solved by carefully observing the situation and identifying the solution. Let us understand the theory behind the real-life multiplication word problems with the help of an interesting example.
Example: A box contains 245 fruits. Find the number of fruits in 4 such boxes using the multiplication formula.
Solution: To solve such multiplication word problems the easiest way is to note down the given parameters and then solve.
Given:
The total number of fruits in one box = 245
The number of boxes = 4
Total number of fruits in 4 such boxes = 245 × 4.
Step 1: Start with the digit in ones place. Multiply 4 × 5 = 20. Now carry 2 to the tens column.
Step 2: Multiply 4 with the digit in tens place, that is, 4 × 4 = 16. Now, add this to the carry-over from the previous step. 16 + 2 (carry-over from step 1) = 18. From this, carry 1 to the hundreds column.
Step 3: Multiply 4 with the digit in hundreds place, 4 × 2 = 8 hundreds. 8 + 1 (carry-over from step 2) = 9.
Step 4: Therefore, the product of 245 × 4 = 980.
H T O
1 2
2 4 5
× 4
9 8 0
Therefore, the total number of fruits in 4 such boxes = 245 × 4 = 980.
Tips and Tricks on Multiplication:
Here is a list of a few tips and tricks that can be used while performing multiplication.
- In multiplication, the order of numbers does not matter. So choose the order that you are more comfortable with. When using the multiplication tables, compared to 9 × 4, students may remember 4 × 9 more easily.
- When multiplying three numbers, choose the two numbers that can be multiplied easily. For example, multiplying 5 × 17 × 2 will be difficult if we try to multiply 5 × 17 first. Instead of this, multiplying 5 and 2 gives 10 which can be easily multiplied by 17 to get 170.
- When multiplying a 2-digit number with a one-digit number, it sometimes helps to break the two-digit number as per the place values. Then multiply each part and add. For example, 37 × 4 can be solved mentally by breaking 37 as 30 + 7. Then 30 × 4 = 120 and 7 × 4 = 28. So, the final answer is 120 + 28 = 148. While this may seem more tedious when written down, it is much easier to solve mentally.
- Even if you do not remember the multiplication fact, it can be easily mentally figured out. For example, 17 × 9 is difficult to remember. But this can be restructured mentally as 17 × (10 - 1). So, the answer will be 170 - 17 = 153.
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